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Physics Formulas

Study physics formulas for motion, forces, momentum, rotation, electromagnetism, optics, and related engineering courses.

Covered topics

Kinematics

Forces and equilibrium

Momentum

Rotational motion

How to use this page

Draw the physical situation before choosing a formula.
Watch sign conventions for direction, torque, and angular quantities.
Separate known values from the quantity you are solving for.

Common references

Start with these formulas

11 formulas in this collection

Moment of InertiaThe resistance of an object to rotational motion about an axis.Open Equilibrium of ForcesThe condition where the net force acting on an object is zero, resulting in no acceleration.Open Linear VelocityMeasures the rate of change of an object's position along a straight path.Open Linear AccelerationMeasures the rate at which an object's velocity changes over time.Open

Concepts and graphs

Some topics need explanation, not just a formula

ConceptMechanics

Free-Body Diagrams

A free-body diagram isolates one body or system and shows only the external forces and moments acting on it. It turns a physical situation into equations, making it the bridge between the problem statement and equilibrium or motion analysis.

PhysicsIntermediate

Moment of Inertia

The resistance of an object to rotational motion about an axis.

Formula

I = \sum_{i = 1}^{n} m_{i} r_{i}^{2}

PhysicsBeginner

Equilibrium of Forces

The condition where the net force acting on an object is zero, resulting in no acceleration.

Formula

\sum F = 0

PhysicsBeginner

Linear Velocity

Measures the rate of change of an object's position along a straight path.

Formula

v = \frac{Δ x}{Δ t}

PhysicsBeginner

Linear Acceleration

Measures the rate at which an object's velocity changes over time.

Formula

a = \frac{v _{f} - v _{i}}{t}

PhysicsIntermediate

Angular Velocity

Measures how fast an object rotates or revolves around an axis.

Formula

ω = \frac{Δ θ}{Δ t}

PhysicsIntermediate

Angular Acceleration

Describes the rate at which an object's angular velocity changes over time.

Formula

α = \frac{Δ ω}{Δ t} = \frac{ω _{f} - ω _{i}}{Δ t}

PhysicsIntermediate

Centripetal Acceleration

The acceleration an object experiences when moving in a circular path, directed towards the center of the circle.

Formula

a_{c} = \frac{v ^{2}}{r}

PhysicsBeginner

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Relates the net force acting on an object to its mass and acceleration.

Formula

F = ma

PhysicsIntermediate

Impulse Moment Principle

Relates the angular impulse applied to an object to the change in its angular momentum.

Formula

τ Δ t = I (ω_{f} - ω_{i})

PhysicsIntermediate

Conservation of Linear Momentum

The total momentum of an isolated system remains constant.

Formula

\sum p_{ini t ia l} = \sum p_{f ina l}

PhysicsIntermediate

Conservation of Angular Momentum

In an isolated system, the total angular momentum remains constant.

Formula

I_{1} ω_{1} = I_{2} ω_{2}

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